The Role of Mitophagy in Cancer, Neuronal, and Senescent Cell Functions

Previous Science Note

Mitochondrial function is closely related to the onset of the neurodegenerative disorder and the aging process. From this background, much attention has been paid to elucidating the mitochondrial quality control pathway. Here, we introduce you to three individual pathways (extracellular vesicles (EVs)-related release pathway, Lysosome-related exocytosis, and Mitophagy) for mitochondrial quality control.

EVs-related release pathway

Ejection of damaged mitochondria and their removal by macrophages ensure efficient thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue 

Click here for the original article: Marco Rosina, et al., Cell Metabolism, 2022.

Point of Interest

- Brown adipocytes eliminate damaged mitochondrial parts through EVs.

- Thermogenic stimuli increase the release of mitochondrial EVs.

- EVs exert a negative autocrine action on brown adipocyte thermogenesis.

- bMACs actively take up mitochondrial EVs ensuring optimal brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Lysosome-related exocytosis

Mitolysosome exocytosis, a mitophagy-independent mitochondrial quality control in flunarizine-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms 

Click here for the original article: Feixiang Bao, et al., Science Advances, 2022.

Point of Interest

- Flunarizine (FNZ), a drug whose chronic use causes parkinsonism, led to parkinsonism-like motor dysfunction in mice.

- FNZ induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial mass specifically in the brain.

- Mitochondria were engulfed by lysosomes independent of mitophagy, followed by VAMP2- and STX4-dependent exocytosis.

- The mitochondria-free cells generated FNZ-dependent method could survive for nearly 1 month.

Mitophagy

Neuronal induction of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy slows systemic aging in Drosophila 

Click here for the original article: Edward T. Schmid, et al., Nature Aging, 2022.

Point of Interest

- Aging leads to a decline in mitophagy in the Drosophila brain with a concomitant increase in mitochondrial content.

- Induction of BNIP3 in the adult nervous system induces mitophagy and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in the aged brain.

- Neuronal induction of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy increases organismal longevity and healthspan.

- BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in the nervous system improves muscle and intestinal homeostasis in aged flies.
Related Techniques
Mitochondrial membrane potential detection
JC-1 MitoMP Detection Kit, MT-1 MitoMP Detection Kit
Mitophagy detection
Mitophagy Detection Kit
Mitochondrial superoxide detection
MitoBright ROS Deep Red - Mitochondrial Superoxide Detection
Oxygen consumption rate assay
Extracellular OCR Plate Assay Kit
EVs Isolation
ExoIsolator Exosome Isolation Kit
EVs labeling
ExoSparkler Exosome Membrane Labeling Kit-Green, Red, Deep red
Lysosomal function assay
Lysosomal pH and mass detection Kit

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