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Item #	Description/Size	Availability	Qty Break	Price
C008-10	1 g	5-10 business days	1	$28.00
C008-12	5 g	5-10 business days	1	$95.00
C008-14	25 g	5-10 business days	1	$329.00

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For Research Use Only Products

Description
Application
Data

Chemical Name: 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonic acid
CAS: 75621-03-3

Appearance: White powder
Purity: ≥97.0% (HPLC)
MW: 614.88, C₃₂H₅₈N₂O₇S

Storage Condition: ambient temperature
Shipping Condition: ambient temperature

Product Description of CHAPS and CHAPSO
CHAPS and CHAPSO are zwitter ionic detergents and have cholic acid and sulfobetaine moieties in their structures. Their low background absorbance in the UV region is an attractive feature for the UV monitoring of membrane proteins. The CMC values of both CHAPS and CHAPSO are 8 mM.

Introduction
The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structure of the cell membrane. The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy exchange, and transmission of information. These functions are conducted at the cell membrane by membrane proteins. In membrane biochemistry research, membrane proteins are solubilized and purified to study their structure and function. Proteins bound to cell membranes have hydrophobic sites buried within the phospholipid bilayers and hydrophilic sites facing toward the water layer. Detergents are used to isolate large insoluble molecules such as proteins. Detergents interact with the hydrophobic sites of proteins, which are then solubilized in the water layer, thus separating membrane proteins. It is important to choose a detergent that does not disrupt the bioactivities of target proteins. A detergent requires the following characteristics to be suitable for isolation of

membrane proteins:
1. Sufficient protein solubilization capability
2. No denaturing or inactivation of proteins
3. No interference with protein activities
4. No precipitation at 4ºC
5. Appropriate critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and micelle size
6. No absorption in the UV region
7. No toxicity
8. Availability of detergent detection methods
9. Non-ionic detergent if ion exchange chromatography is used

In the past, polyoxyethylene ether non-ionic detergents were widely used. These detergents, however, had several problems, such as denaturation of proteins and low CMC value, which cannot be separated easily by dialysis. n-Octyl-β-D-glucoside, n-Octyl-β-Dthioglucoside, CHAPS, and CHAPSO eliminate these problems and are widely used today. Most of the current detergents are non-ionic and easily applied to ion exchange chromatography purification. deoxy-BIGCHAP is a non-ionic detergent possessing deoxycholic acid and a gluconamide polar group. It has a high CMC value of 1.4 mM and can be easily separated by dialysis. Because its UV absorbance is low, it can be used for the determination of proteins. deoxy-BIGCHAP has been used for the extraction of opioid receptors from neuroblastoma or hybrid cells of glyoma. It has also been applied to adenylate cyclase or acetyltransferase. These detergents are also widely used to solubilize chromophores or to stabilize enzymes in diagnostic analyses and biochemical assays.

Trials of various kinds of detergents are needed to find the appropriate detergent for each study. Dojindo’s Detergent Screening Sets, which contain assorted packages of detergents, are available for use in these trials.

Chemical Structure

References

1. L. M. Hjelmeland, A Nondenaturing Zwitterionic Detergent for Membrane Biochemistry: Design and Synthesis. PNAS. 1980;77:6368-6370.
2. W. F. Simonds, et al., Solubilization of Active Opiate Receptors. PNAS. 1980;77:4623-4627.
3. A. J. Bitonti, et al., Resolution and Activity of Adenylate Cyclase Components in Azwitterionic Cholate Derivative[3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl) Dimethylammonio]-1-Propanesulfonate]. Biochemistry. 1982;21:3650-3653.
4. B. Rivnay, et al., Phospholipids Stabilize the Interaction Between the α and β Subunits of the Solubilized Receptor for Immunoglobulin E. Biochemistry. 1982;21:6922-6927.
5. G. H. Perdew, et al., The Use of Zwitterionic Detergent in Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis of Trout Liver Microsomes. Anal Biochem. 1983;135:453-455.
6. T. Matoh, et al., Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, and Betaine Concentrations in Isolated Vacuoles from Salt-grown Atriplex gmelini Leaves. Plant Physiol. 1987;84:173-177.
7. R. Horiuchi, et al., Purification and Characterization of 55-kDa Proteinwith 3, 5, 3’-Triiodo-L-thyronine-binding Activity and Protein Disulfide-isomerase Activity from Beef Liver Membrane. Eur J Biochem. 1989;183:529-538.
8. N. Funasaki, et al., Odd-even Alternation in the Aggregation Nember Dependence of Stepwise Aggregation Constants. J Phys Chem. 1991;95:1847-1850.

Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)
Detergents are amphipathic compounds, with both lipophobic and lipophilic sites, that will form micelles above a critical concentration that is specific to each detergent. This is called the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The solubilizing abilities of detergents increase dramatically above their CMC values. After extracting membrane proteins, detergents can be easily removed by dilution, and then dialysis.

Table 1 Molecular Weight and Critical Micelle Concentration of Detergents